XXII _________________________ Science Stufff Review _________________________ XXII: SQUALENE : REQUIRED FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS OF COVID-19 VACCINES : THE CHOICES BETWEEN SHARKS AND BIOMASS

NOV 23RD SINCE TIME BEGAN : salus populi suprema est lex - the right of the people is the supreme law : IN TRUTH WE TRUST 2020 A.D.E.

BIOMASS SOURCES OF SQUALENE

GOOD DAY, JOSEPH : TRANSCENDENT GLOBAL SOLUTIONS CORPORATION

OVERVIEW : SQUALENE - AS YOU LIKELY ARE AWARE - IS VERY ESSENTIAL FOR LIFE ON EARTH

ADDENDUM : PURIFICATION PROCESS : COMPARATIVES BETWEEN OLIVE OIL & SHARK LIVER OIL : "Several research studies [23, 24] on the squalene concentration in the olive oil have showed that this hydrocarbon represents over 50% of the unsaponifiable fraction and up to 90% of the total hydrocarbons content thereof. Anyway, the final concentration is significantly influenced by the methods of extraction [25] and oil refining [26]. Commercially available methods for squalene extraction from olive oil yield to a vegetable squalene with around 97.5% purity, while squalene obtained from shark liver oil can reach 99.9% purity."

OXYGEN CONCENTRATION IS ESSENTIAL IN EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCTION : I.E., TGS NANO-BUBBLE TECHNOLOGIES - ENRICHES PROCESS

SQUALENE FOR COVID VACCINE - SOURCE FROM SHARK LIVER : CLINICAL ANALYSIS

TARDIGRADES PRODUCE SQUALENE COMPOUNDS - THEY ARE EARTH'S MOST RESILIENT FORM OF LIFE : R&D POTENTIAL : FARMING TARDIGRADES For SQUALENE : THEIR HARDINESS & LEGACY AS BEING OLDER THAN SHARKS

PEAT FIBERS & SQUALENE COMPOUNDS : RESEARCH : VOLUME OF PEAT IN CANADA @ > 300+BILLION TONNES

BIOGENESIS : COMPREHENSIVE R&D ANALYSIS - SQUALENE :

NOTE : "2. Separation of Squalene from Vegetable Sources

Most plant oils are obtained by mechanical pressing or by chemical extraction with organic solvents, like hexane. This way, there are two valuable components obtained: the oil and flour with a high protein content. While the obtaining of plant oils by mechanical pressing leads to a maximum yield of 80%, by chemical extraction (using solvents) the yield could be even more than 98%. Furthermore the concentration of the residual oil in the cake resulting from pressing may be 2-3%, and, in the case of the chemical extraction, it is less than 0.5%. The oil refining is necessary in almost all the cases, except the extra virgin oils. Refining aims at the removal of undesired substances with unfavourable effects on the oils’ taste, smell, aspect, or stability (phospholipids, diacylglycerols, free fatty acids, pigments, and oxidation products). By refining, the oils’ stability and their organoleptic characteristics are improved, but during the various physicochemical treatments, valuable minor components are also removed (antioxidants and vitamins). The influence of different refining processes on the concentration of squalene in olive oil was reported [22]: the decrease due to physical refining was 13.0%, discolouring 7.0%, and deodorization 15.6%. Due to the small concentration of squalene in vegetable oils, this relatively low decrease could become relevant for the final productivity of the process. Independent of the vegetal edible oil, this will be subjected to a multiple step process for removing the undesired substances in an edible oil, presented in Figure 1."

REGARDS, RALPH

CLIMATE RESET CORP